Water and energy International : vol. 65, no. 1

Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of mankind, each and every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovations and substitutions. Hydropower is perhaps the oldest and yet most readily exploitable source of energy, with bulk of its potential yet to be harnessed. Hydroelectric power has become an increasingly important energy source for India's economic development owing to the availability of water resources in large quantities that can be tapped for power generation. In Madhya Pradseh, the Narmada River is considered the mother and giver of peace. Legend has it that the mere sight of this river is enough to cleanse one's soul, as against a dip in the Ganga or seven in the Yamuna. Narmada basin in Madhya Pradesh, with adequate rainfall, fertile lands, rolling topography is regarded as one of the best agricultural lands in the country.

The planning and development of Water & Hydro Power resources in Narmada Basin had started as early as 1950's. After the formation of Madhya Pradesh, various minor and medium irrigation schemes were first taken up and subsequently major and multipurpose projects were planned. Sufficient progress on development of irrigation could not be achieved during the period 1960-1970, due to conflicting views on the scope and size of irrigation and hydel projects in Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat. To resolve the water dispute, Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal was constituted in 1969. After about nine years of deliberations, the Tribunal gave its report in 1978. After hearing views of participatory states of M.P., Guarat, Maharashtra and Rajasthan, the tribunal furnished further report in 1979.