Capitalism in Pakistan

The book presents an indepth study of Pakistan's socio-economic structure and development of capitalism since the mid 19th century to date.

Pakistan belongs to the range of countries with conservative type of capitalist development, that is, when pre capitalist relations perform as a constant condition of reproduction of capital, when development proceeds predominantly from 'above' with concentration of wealth and privileges in the possession of a narrow group of big bourgeoisie and big landowners also turning bourgeois way. The Pakistani variety of state capi talism does similarly display eliterian features. The state in Pakistan may be referred to as the type of "supervised democracy" with alternation of military bureaucratic and political-bureaucratic kinds of rule.

These are some of the principal con clusions of this book, presenting an analysis of shaping and development of capitalist-economic and social relations in the North-West region of colonial India and in present-day Pakistan. The author proceeds from a conception that bour geois-type relations originated there af ter colonial subjugation, although some pre or proto-bourgeois features started to shape as far back as in the pre-colonial period under the impact of trade, politi cal and cultural expansion of European nations. Establishment of an independent nation state brought about gain in strength and development of the capitalist eco nomic system.