Netaji Subhas confronted the Indian ethos (1900-1921)

Netaji Subhas Confronted the Indian Ethos (1900-1921):
Yogi Sri Aurobindo's 'Terrorism',
Poet Tagore's 'Universalism',
Mahatma Gandhi's 'Experimental Non-violence'
The present work is a bridge between the previous work on Subhas
and the next work entitled Life and Times of Netaji Subhas: From
Cambridge to Mahatma (1921-41).

As Subhas's primary impulse in life was philosophy and not
politics, it is quite relevant that we should explore now how far
his philosophy of life was influenced by the Indian Ethos (1900-
1921) determined by Yogi Sri Aurobindo's 'terrorism', Poet
Tagore's 'universalism', and Mahatma Gandhi's 'experimental non-
violence'.

As such, in this present work, we have studied in great detail,
Sri Aurobindo's life in England for the period: 1879-1893 and how
did he import 'terrorism' from Cambridge to India which motivated
his activities during the period: 1900-10; and the fall-outs of
his thought and activities on the intellectual milieu of India.

Along with Yogi Sri Aurobindo's 'political philosophy of
terrorism' as a technique to fight against British imperialism we
have examined the influence of Tagore's universalism, especially
manifest in his poem Gitanjali (which made him Nobel Laureate in
literature in 1913) on the intelligentsia in the West.

Besides Sri Aurobindo's 'terrorism' and Rabindranath Tagore's
'universalism' Mahatma Gandhi's 'experimental non-violence' also
shaped the stance and tone of Indians' struggle for Independence

which was actually motivated by Vedanta, the perennial philosophy
of humankind, as propounded by Swami Vivekananda according to the
need of the 'time', towards the closing years of the nineteenth
century.