Narayan, Shovana creator IAS creator 1976 creator text Gurugram Shubhi Publications 2026 monographic 227p. In Kathak, karanas refer to codified movement units that combine stance, footwork, torso movement, and expressive gestures into a single flowing phrase. Rooted in the ancient Nāṭyaśāstra, where 108 karanas are described as foundational dance movements, Kathak absorbed and reinterpreted these principles through its own aesthetic over centuries. Unlike Bharatanatyam or Odissi, where karanas are often presented as clearly defined sculptural units, Kathak integrates them more fluidly. Here, karanas appear as dynamic transitions—linking tat te thai footwork, swift chakkars (spins), and subtle torso shifts. The emphasis is less on static poses and more on continuity, rhythm, and grace. Kathak karanas are deeply tied to laya (tempo) and tala (rhythmic cycle). A single karana may unfold across several beats, allowing the dancer to play with acceleration, pauses, and rhythmic improvisation. The upright posture, controlled neck and eye movements, and intricate foot patterns reflect Kathak’s courtly refinement. Through abhinaya, karanas also gain expressive depth—suggesting moods, characters, or narrative moments without overt dramatization. Civil Services Classical dance of India Dance - India - History and criticism CS 793.31 NAR 9788199811928 20260521120456.0